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 <section id="long-integer-objects">
<h1>Long Integer Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#long-integer-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<dl class="c type">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLongObject">
type PyLongObject<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>This subtype of <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">PyObject</code></a> represents a Python long integer object.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c var">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_Type">
<a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject">PyTypeObject</a> PyLong_Type<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_Type" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>This instance of <a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">PyTypeObject</code></a> represents the Python long integer type.
This is the same object as <code class="docutils literal notranslate">long</code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">types.LongType</code>.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_Check">
int PyLong_Check(<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *p)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_Check" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Return true if its argument is a <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">PyLongObject</code></a> or a subtype of
<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">PyLongObject</code></a>.
<div class="versionchanged">
Changed in version 2.2: Allowed subtypes to be accepted.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_CheckExact">
int PyLong_CheckExact(<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *p)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_CheckExact" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Return true if its argument is a <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">PyLongObject</code></a>, but not a subtype of
<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">PyLongObject</code></a>.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 2.2.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_FromLong">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *PyLong_FromLong(long v)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_FromLong" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Return a new <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">PyLongObject</code></a> object from v, or NULL on failure.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_FromUnsignedLong">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(unsigned long v)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_FromUnsignedLong" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Return a new <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">PyLongObject</code></a> object from a C <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">unsigned long</code>, or
NULL on failure.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_FromSsize_t">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *PyLong_FromSsize_t(Py_ssize_t v)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_FromSsize_t" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Return a new <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">PyLongObject</code></a> object from a C <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">Py_ssize_t</code>, or
NULL on failure.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 2.6.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_FromSize_t">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *PyLong_FromSize_t(size_t v)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_FromSize_t" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Return a new <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">PyLongObject</code></a> object from a C <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">size_t</code>, or
NULL on failure.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 2.6.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_FromLongLong">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *PyLong_FromLongLong(PY_LONG_LONG v)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_FromLongLong" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Return a new <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">PyLongObject</code></a> object from a C <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">long long</code>, or NULL
on failure.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c">
PyObject* PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong(unsigned PY_LONG_LONG v)</dt>
<dd>Return a new <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">PyLongObject</code></a> object from a C <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">unsigned long long</code>,
or NULL on failure.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_FromDouble">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *PyLong_FromDouble(double v)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_FromDouble" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Return a new <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">PyLongObject</code></a> object from the integer part of v, or
NULL on failure.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_FromString">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *PyLong_FromString(char *str, char **pend, int base)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_FromString" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Return a new <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLongObject" title="PyLongObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">PyLongObject</code></a> based on the string value in str, which is
interpreted according to the radix in base. If pend is non-NULL,
*pend will point to the first character in str which follows the
representation of the number. If base is <code class="docutils literal notranslate">0</code>, the radix will be determined
based on the leading characters of str: if str starts with <code class="docutils literal notranslate">'0x'</code> or
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">'0X'</code>, radix 16 will be used; if str starts with <code class="docutils literal notranslate">'0'</code>, radix 8 will be
used; otherwise radix 10 will be used. If base is not <code class="docutils literal notranslate">0</code>, it must be
between <code class="docutils literal notranslate">2</code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">36</code>, inclusive. Leading spaces are ignored. If there are
no digits, <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">ValueError</code> will be raised.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_FromUnicode">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *PyLong_FromUnicode(<a class="reference internal" href="unicode.html#c.Py_UNICODE" title="Py_UNICODE">Py_UNICODE</a> *u, Py_ssize_t length, int base)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_FromUnicode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Convert a sequence of Unicode digits to a Python long integer value. The first
parameter, u, points to the first character of the Unicode string, length
gives the number of characters, and base is the radix for the conversion. The
radix must be in the range [2, 36]; if it is out of range, <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">ValueError</code>
will be raised.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 1.6.
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
Changed in version 2.5: This function used an <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">int</code> for length. This might require
changes in your code for properly supporting 64-bit systems.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_FromVoidPtr">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *PyLong_FromVoidPtr(void *p)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_FromVoidPtr" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Create a Python integer or long integer from the pointer p. The pointer value
can be retrieved from the resulting value using <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLong_AsVoidPtr" title="PyLong_AsVoidPtr"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">PyLong_AsVoidPtr()</code></a>.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 1.5.2.
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
Changed in version 2.5: If the integer is larger than LONG_MAX, a positive long integer is returned.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_AsLong">
long PyLong_AsLong(<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *pylong)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_AsLong" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Return a C <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">long</code> representation of the contents of pylong. If
pylong is greater than <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">LONG_MAX</code>, an <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">OverflowError</code> is raised
and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-1</code> will be returned.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow">
long PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow(<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *pylong, int *overflow)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Return a C <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">long</code> representation of the contents of
pylong. If pylong is greater than <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">LONG_MAX</code> or less
than <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">LONG_MIN</code>, set *overflow to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">1</code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-1</code>,
respectively, and return <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-1</code>; otherwise, set *overflow to
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">0</code>. If any other exception occurs (for example a TypeError or
MemoryError), then <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-1</code> will be returned and *overflow will
be <code class="docutils literal notranslate">0</code>.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 2.7.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow">
PY_LONG_LONG PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow(<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *pylong, int *overflow)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Return a C <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">long long</code> representation of the contents of
pylong. If pylong is greater than <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">PY_LLONG_MAX</code> or less
than <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">PY_LLONG_MIN</code>, set *overflow to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">1</code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-1</code>,
respectively, and return <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-1</code>; otherwise, set *overflow to
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">0</code>. If any other exception occurs (for example a TypeError or
MemoryError), then <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-1</code> will be returned and *overflow will
be <code class="docutils literal notranslate">0</code>.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 2.7.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_AsSsize_t">
Py_ssize_t PyLong_AsSsize_t(<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *pylong)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_AsSsize_t" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Return a C <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">Py_ssize_t</code> representation of the contents of pylong. If
pylong is greater than <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">PY_SSIZE_T_MAX</code>, an <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">OverflowError</code> is raised
and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-1</code> will be returned.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 2.6.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_AsUnsignedLong">
unsigned long PyLong_AsUnsignedLong(<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *pylong)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_AsUnsignedLong" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Return a C <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">unsigned long</code> representation of the contents of pylong.
If pylong is greater than <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">ULONG_MAX</code>, an <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">OverflowError</code> is
raised.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_AsLongLong">
PY_LONG_LONG PyLong_AsLongLong(<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *pylong)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_AsLongLong" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Return a C <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">long long</code> from a Python long integer. If
pylong cannot be represented as a <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">long long</code>, an
<code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">OverflowError</code> is raised and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-1</code> is returned.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 2.2.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c">
unsigned PY_LONG_LONG PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong(PyObject *pylong)</dt>
<dd>Return a C <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">unsigned long long</code> from a Python long integer. If
pylong cannot be represented as an <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">unsigned long long</code>, an
<code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">OverflowError</code> is raised and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">(unsigned long long)-1</code> is
returned.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 2.2.
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
Changed in version 2.7: A negative pylong now raises <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">OverflowError</code>, not
<code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">TypeError</code>.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask">
unsigned long PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask(<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *io)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Return a C <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">unsigned long</code> from a Python long integer, without checking
for overflow.
Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate">(unsigned long)-1</code> on error. Use <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#c.PyErr_Occurred" title="PyErr_Occurred"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">PyErr_Occurred()</code></a> to
disambiguate.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 2.3.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_AsDouble">
double PyLong_AsDouble(<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *pylong)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_AsDouble" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Return a C <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">double</code> representation of the contents of pylong. If
pylong cannot be approximately represented as a <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">double</code>, an
<code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">OverflowError</code> exception is raised and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-1.0</code> will be returned.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyLong_AsVoidPtr">
void *PyLong_AsVoidPtr(<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *pylong)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyLong_AsVoidPtr" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Convert a Python integer or long integer pylong to a C <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">void</code> pointer.
If pylong cannot be converted, an <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">OverflowError</code> will be raised. This
is only assured to produce a usable <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">void</code> pointer for values created
with <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyLong_FromVoidPtr" title="PyLong_FromVoidPtr"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">PyLong_FromVoidPtr()</code></a>.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 1.5.2.
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
Changed in version 2.5: For values outside 0..LONG_MAX, both signed and unsigned integers are accepted.
</div>
</dd></dl>

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